basic_principles
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basic_principles [2018/10/30 20:48] andries [1. Expression of ideas by relations] |
basic_principles [2018/11/10 22:32] andries [6. Use of synonyms, phrases and inverse phrases] |
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| ====== 5. Use of standardized kinds of relations ====== | ====== 5. Use of standardized kinds of relations ====== | ||
| - | The various kinds of relationships are standardized in the Gellish Dictionary and the kinds of relations are the core elements that determine the expression power of the formal language. Expression in Gellish are only correct Gellish expressions if the use kinds of relations that are selected from the Gellish Taxonomic Dictionary. The kinds of relations form a specialization hierarchy (subtype-supertype hierarchy) of kinds of relations to ensure consistency of the language. That hierarchy enables that software can also search for expressions that use more specialized subtypes of kinds of relations. For example, software can automatically search for things that are connected to each other by any kind of connection, but it can also search for welded connections only. The kinds of relations are further defined in the dictionary (ontology) by the kinds of roles that they require. Those roles are also explicitly defined and arranged in a specialization hierarchy that is compliant with the hierarchy of the kinds of relations. Finally it is defined which kind of objects can play roles of those kinds, whereas those role players are also defined and arranged in a specialization hierarchy. Together these definitions and hierarchies enable Gellish powered software to verify the correctness of Gellish expressions and the consistency of the use of the language and it enables the application of logic reasoning during the search to answer questions and queries. \\ | + | The various kinds of relationships are standardized in the Gellish Dictionary and the kinds of relations are the core elements that determine the expression power of the formal language. Expression in Gellish are only correct Gellish expressions if they use kinds of relations that are selected from the Gellish Taxonomic Dictionary. The kinds of relations form a specialization hierarchy (subtype-supertype hierarchy) of kinds of relations to ensure consistency of the language. That hierarchy enables that software can also search for expressions that use more specialized subtypes of kinds of relations for expressing meanings more precisely. For example, software can automatically search for things that are connected to each other by any kind of connection, but it can also search for welded connections only. The kinds of relations are defined further in the dictionary (ontology) by the specification of the kinds of roles that they require. Those roles are also explicitly defined and arranged in a specialization hierarchy that is compliant with the hierarchy of the kinds of relations. Finally it is defined which kind of objects can play roles of those kinds, whereas those role players are also defined and arranged in a specialization hierarchy. Together these definitions and hierarchies enable Gellish powered software to verify the use of kinds of relations in Gellish expressions is consistent with the definition of the formal language and it enables the application of logic reasoning during the search to answer questions and queries. \\ |
| Some examples of important binary kinds of relations with rather trivial kinds of roles are: | Some examples of important binary kinds of relations with rather trivial kinds of roles are: | ||
| * A composition relationship, with the roles ‘part’ and ‘whole’. | * A composition relationship, with the roles ‘part’ and ‘whole’. | ||
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| ====== 6. Use of synonyms, phrases and inverse phrases ====== | ====== 6. Use of synonyms, phrases and inverse phrases ====== | ||
| - | Gellish enables the definition of synonyms, abbreviations, codes, etc. for names of concepts as well as for names of kinds of relationships. Each term and each alias is defined to belong to the vocabulary of either 'international', being the international community, or to a natural language and within that to a 'language community' such as a discipline, a standard or an organization. Standard synonyms are defined in the Gellish Dictionary, but users can define their own terminology as alias that is specific for and the preferred term for their organization. This means that their organization is specified as the language community where the term has its base. The same holds for kinds of relations, which are denoted by natural language ‘phrases’, such as the phrases in the column 'name of kind of relation' in Table 3. \\ | + | The Gellish dictionary contains terms as well as synonyms, abbreviations, codes, etc. for names of concepts as well as for names of kinds of relationships. Each term and each alias is defined to belong to the vocabulary of a natural language and within that to a **language community** such as a discipline, a standard or a particular organization. A special 'language' is called 'international', being reserved for terms that are used internationally, such as units of measure, chemical formulas, codes, etc. Users can define their own terminology as aliases that are preferred terms for their organization. In the latter case the organization should be specified as the 'language community' where the term has its base. \\ |
| - | The way in which synonym phrases are defined for the relation types in the Gellish English dictionary is illustrated on row 5 in Table 3. Gellish English has also defined inverse Gellish phrases that imply that the left hand and the right hand related objects are inversed. Row 6 of Table 3 shows an example.\\ | + | Kinds of relations have names, but are usually denoted by natural language **phrases**, such as the phrases in the column 'name of kind of relation' in Table 3. Note that the phrases have a particular reading direction, which means that the left hand and the right hand object have different roles in the relation. In order to make expressions in which the left and right hand objects are switched, Gellish also defined **inverse phrases**. Whether a phrase or an inverse phrase is used (with switched related objects) has no impact on the meaning of an expression. Phrases and inverse phrases are aliases for the names of kinds of relations |
| - | Translations can be defined in the same way as aliases, but for the definition of bulk translations, the Gellish Expression format allows for additional columns with special IDs that are reserved for terms in a specified language. | + | The way in which the synonym phrases are defined for the relation types in the Gellish dictionary is illustrated on row 5 in Table 3. Row 6 of Table 3 shows an example of the definition of an inverse phrase for denoting the kind of relation with the name assembly relation.\\ |
| + | Translations can be defined in the same way as aliases, but for the definition of bulk translations, the Gellish Expression format allows for additional columns that are dedicated for terms in a particular language. Such columns have column IDs that are the UIDs of those languages. | ||
basic_principles.txt · Last modified: 2018/11/10 22:32 by andries
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